Description: Baseline and what-if/stressed projections of cash flows, financial statements and capital requirements are critical inputs to a range of business purposes, including forecasts, risk management, liquidity management, strategic decision making, etc. Forward looking projections have historically been inefficient and performed in silos making it difficult to scale the process as CFOs and CROs ask for more. In this session we discuss challenges of the forecast process and opportunities to meet desired future capabilities. We will also discuss “what-if” analysis and ways to support production of forward looking projections for “what-if” analysis in an efficient way.

Description: This study is intended to educate insurance professionals on historical insurer impairments and insolvencies and possible future prevention indicators.

Description: This is the second article in a two-part series examining the potential value to companies of implementing a company profitability and risk dashboard.

Description: Comments on Robert North’s paper, a real case study of disclosing MVL in a public employee retirement system.

Description: Applications of Stress Testing

Description: French language version of Risk Management, August 2014 newsletter.

Description: Complete issue of the August 2014 Risk Management newsletter.

Description: AHIP commissioned the Menges Group to write this white paper on key pressures in the budgetary environment that stress the actuarial soundness of Medicaid rates. Though written by non-actuaries, this white paper thoroughly describes key professionalism topics that face Medicaid actuaries in their daily work.

Description: Individuals face many risks during different phases of their financial life cycle. These risks in turn have major financial implications on their wealth creation, wealth preservation and wealth distribution aspirations. Traditionally risk taking is viewed negatively in relation to the personal financial-planning domain. In fact, most of the studies linking risk management to personal financial-planning focus primarily on investment and insurance related risks. In contrast, enterprise risk management (ERM) takes a portfolio view of risks right from the personal level to the organization level. The existing literature on ERM is seen as an essential feature of corporate world and there is not much literature available that explicitly addresses the issue of aligning ERM framework to the whole spectrum of personal financial planning. In this backdrop, it seems logical to develop an in-depth study on aligning an ERM framework to a personal-financial planning domain. Accordingly, this conceptual paper, avoiding mathematical jargon, extensively examines the extent to which ERM can be aligned to the personal-financial planning domain. The Study concludes by suggesting how individuals should identify, aggregate, evaluate and address risks across the whole spectrum of personal financial planning domain

Description: The ORSA should be more than a compliance requirement -- its process should be an integral element of a company's governance and risk and strategic planning process used by both management and the board on a regular feedback loop basis. Similar to that used for ERM, it along with a carefully constructed set of metrics should serve as the springboard to be used to identify, control and mitigate short- and long-term risks, as well as to enable exploitation of opportunities to add shareholder and policyholder value. Risk can represent an opportunity from which insurers can leverage their knowledge and risk management capabilities to find and maintain a competitive edge. Part of the essay collection "Risk Metrics for Decision Making and ORSA"

Description: Risk management and capital budgeting are two critical components of the corporate decision process. They often need to be considered jointly at the corporate level because of their natural interaction through the dependent risk exposures and other synergetic relationships within an intricate corporate structure in a dynamic business environment. . This paper develops an integrated framework that aligns these two important corporate strategies across business divisions to optimize the streamlined enterprise strategic goal in a multi-period setting. The proposed integrated framework can serve as a practical guideline for corporate executives to optimally coordinate capital budgeting and risk management at the enterprise level.

Description: A new reason for the inherent instability of the insurance business can be found in the literature of anthropology. The theory of plural rationalities, also known as Cultural Theory of Risk or simply Cultural Theory, posits that the world is populated by people with four fundamentally different attitudes toward risk. Presented at 2010 Enterprise Risk Management Symposium, Society of Actuaries, April 12-15, 2010.

Description: This is the Introductory Study Note for the Society of Actuaries Advanced Finance/Enterprise Risk Management examination for Spring 2012 that will be given on Friday, April 27th, from 8:30 a.m. – 11:45 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. – 4:45 p.m.

Description: The aim of this work is the definition of a holistic approach to assess the maturity level of ERM within an organization, following the principles defined by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 2004b in the “Enterprise Risk Management—Integrated Framework.”

Description: The paper focuses on value creation for European health insurance companies through the practical application of integrated ERM frameworks.

Description: Much of the push for ERM has come from regulators and rating agencies, but it is being applied in internal company decision-making as well. This paper reviews the progress made and the needs still outstanding in two key areas of application: optimal capital level for an insurer and risk-adjusted profitability of business units. The basic conclusion is that progress has been made in these areas, but more is needed. Building models is not emphasized—it will be assumed that a state-of-the art model is available. The emphasis is on using such models in decision-making.

Description: This article sees enterprise risk management as a specific application of knowledge in Order to control deviations from strategic objectives, shareholders’ values and stakeholders’ relationships. Before and after a modeling process it is necessary to find insights into how the application of knowledge management processes can improve the understanding of risk and the implementation of enterprise risk management. The article presents a proposed methodology to contribute to providing a guide for developing risk modeling knowledge and a reduction of knowledge silos, in order to improve the quality and quantity of solutions related to risk inquiries across the organization.

Description: The author will show that risk management is more than combining several processes and methods it is much more a company wide approach that enables an open dealing with chances and risks, requiring a change in culture, governance and decision rules across the whole organizations.

Description: In the copula literature there are many bivariate distribution families but very few higher dimensional ones. Moreover, most of these are difficult to work with. Some of the bivariate families can be extended to more dimensions but in general the construction of distribution functions with more than two variables is a difficult problem. This paper introduces a construction method that is straightforward to implement and can produce multivariate distribution functions of any dimension.

Description: Enterprise risk management ERM is for the measurement and the management of all significant risks of the business holistically irrespective of types and sources. The study offers significant advances in the current debate on the performance of enterprise risk management, in particular, minimizing the existing gap between the academic understanding and practitioners’ experience on the topic.

Description: This paper investigates the interaction between a credit portfolio and another risk type, which can be thought of as market risk. We analytically calculate their inter-risk correlation and show how inter-risk correlation bounds can be derived.

Description: This paper examines the fundamental principles underlying the theory of rate change. The proposed approach shows improved accuracy as compared to current methods, with particular significance for a non-static book of business.

Description: This article presents an FAQ on protected cell companies. From Reinsurance Section News, November 2007, Issue No. 61.

Description: Presented at May 2005 Spring Meeting Panelists examine in detail the subject of annuity risk management and how this can be applied to new product development, as well as in-force product management.

Description: An Overview of Stochastic Simulation modeling techniques and usages

Description: This session from the 2003 Washington D.C. Spring Meeting discusses the recent economic conditions in Europe, Asia and North America and the changes in product design and risk management that have taken place to address such financial risk. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Volume 29, No. 1, Session 77PD.

Description: This article summarizes Hubert Mueller's presentation at the SOA's Risk Management Seminar on the risk management of guarantees on equity-oriented products. It discusses 1 the market background, 2 the risk management process and 3 a case study on dynamic hedging.

Description: Presented at May 2002 Spring Meeting. Discusses the nature of the risks associated with equity-based and equity-linked products, and how those products can be managed with the use of capital market instruments.

Description: Presented at May 2002 Spring Meeting. This session provides an overview of the various methods used to manage the risks from guarantees of equity-based life and annuity products. Discussion includes the use of reinsurance, self-insurance and static/dynamic hedging.

Description: There appears to be many similarities between enterprise risk management techniques and the theory underlying the unified valuation system UVS. What are the challenges of each, and can the methods learn from each other? From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Volume 27, No. 2: Toronto Spring Meeting.June 20–22, 2001, Session 58PD.

Description: Actuaries are trained to measure and manage risks, for example, mortality, morbidity, interest rate, and asset default risks. However, the range of risks to which companies are exposed is wider than is sometimes considered. This complex array of risks needs to be managed holistically in concert and not in isolation. The actuary is increasingly called upon to assist in this process and needs a broader perspective and more powerful toolkit. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Volume 26, No. 3: Chicago Annual Meeting, October 15-18, 2000, Session 54PD.

Description: This article is an overview of the Financial Risk Managment of Insurance Enterprises course. The course incorporates financial risk management, asset pricing models and all risks facing an insurance company. The basics are then applied to asset-liability management and valuation.

Description: Presented at October 1996 Annual Meeting. Discusses the latest additions to the Handbook, recent developments/requirements in Canada, and current research to support the Dynamic Financial Condition Analysis Handbook.

Description: Presented at September 1995 Valuation Actuary Symposium. This sessions talks about financial projections as a management tool and tough issues which may have to be addresses in making such projections.

Description: This article announces the release of a handbook written by the DFCA Task Force for assisting actuaries who are doing Dynamic Financial Condition Analysis.

Description: This paper describes the application of source of earnings 'SOE' analysis methodology to the reported pre-tax GAAP income of universal life and other interest-sensitive life and annuity products.

Description: Presented at October 1986 Annual Meeting. This session discussion is about profit analysis and elements of profit such as: interest, mortality, lapse experience, expenses, reinsurance, taxes. It also about use of profit analysis as a business tool to drive management action.

Description: Presented at May 1986 Spring Meeting. This session discussion is about how much surplus is needed, how it is determined, treatment of participating policyholders, approaches for measurement, and regulatory and professional body requirements affecting surplus relief reinsurance.

Description: Presented at October 1985 Annual Meeting. Discusses: Measures which should be used in setting objectives and in evaluating performance for insurance companies and product lines, Variations that are appropriate for stock and mutual companies and United States and Canadian companies, Qualitative considerations in interpreting and evaluating information by the management reporting system.

Description: Presented at May 1985 Spring Meeting. This session discussed: Relationship of pricing and valuation actuaries in Canada, Financial reporting system as an information source for product development, Interaction of the pricing actuary, valuation actuary, and investment officer in designing interest-sensitive products, Allocation impact on product development of expense, investment income, tax, and capital, Financial reporting information in changing premium rates for nonguaranteed premium products, Maintaining consistency between pricing and financial projection models, Reserve basis and nonforfeiture basis impact on product development, with special reference to lapse-sensitive products.

Description: Presented at May 1985 Spring Meeting. Discusses: Target surplus formulas for specific product lines, Projecting product line surplus needs, How cost of capital is charged to product lines, Criteria to use in allocating capital to or withdrawing capital from specific product lines, Differing techniques appropriate for stock and mutual companies, Differing techniques appropriate for the United States and Canada, How capital allocation relates to regulatory requirements, How capital allocation relates to competition in other industries.

Description: This is a summary of a presentation made at the 1975 SOA annual meeting regarding statutory reserves, contingency reserves and life insurance company surplus.